- GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephony system that is widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band.
Mobile services based on GSM technology were first launched in Finland in 1991. Today, more than 690 mobile networks provide GSM services across 213 countries and GSM represents 82.4% of all global mobile connections. According to GSM World, there are now more than 2 billion GSM mobile phone users worldwide. GSM World references China as "the largest single GSM market, with more than 370 million users, followed by Russia with 145 million, India with 83 million and the USA with 78 million users."
Since many GSM network operators have roaming agreements with foreign operators, users can often continue to use their mobile phones when they travel to other countries. SIM cards (Subscriber Identity Module) holding home network access configurations may be switched to those will metered local access, significantly reducing roaming costs while experiencing no reductions in service.
GSM, together with other technologies, is part of the evolution of wireless mobile telemmunications that includes High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HCSD), General Packet Radio System (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), and Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS).
Showing posts with label EDGE. Show all posts
Showing posts with label EDGE. Show all posts
Tuesday, July 28, 2009
What is EDGE
- EDGE (Enhanced Data GSM Environment) is a faster version the Global System for Mobile (GSM) wireless service designed to deliver data at rates up to 384 Kbps and enable the delivery of multimedia and other broadband applications to mobile phone and computer users. The EDGE standard is built on the existing GSM standard, using the same time-division multiple access (TDMA) frame structure and existing cell arrangements. Ericsson notes that its base stations can be updated with software.
EDGE became commercially available in 2001. It is regarded as an evolutionary standard on the way to Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS).
EDGE became commercially available in 2001. It is regarded as an evolutionary standard on the way to Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS).
GPRS technology
- General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) is a packet-based wireless communication service that promises data rates from 56 up to 114 Kbps and continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone and computer users. The higher data rates allow users to take part in video conferences and interact with multimedia Web sites and similar applications using mobile handheld devices as well as notebook computers. GPRS is based on Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication and complements existing services such circuit-switched cellular phone connections and the Short Message Service (SMS).
In theory, GPRS packet-based services cost users less than circuit-switched services since communication channels are being used on a shared-use, as-packets-are-needed basis rather than dedicated to only one user at a time. It is also easier to make applications available to mobile users because the faster data rate means that middleware currently needed to adapt applications to the slower speed of wireless systems are no longer be needed. As GPRS has become more widely available, along with other 2.5G and 3G services, mobile users of virtual private networks (VPNs) have been able to access the private network continuously over wireless rather than through a rooted dial-up connection.
GPRS also complements Bluetooth, a standard for replacing wired connections between devices with wireless radio connections. In addition to the Internet Protocol (IP), GPRS supports X.25, a packet-based protocol that is used mainly in Europe. GPRS is an evolutionary step toward Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) and Universal Mobile Telephone Service (UMTS).
In theory, GPRS packet-based services cost users less than circuit-switched services since communication channels are being used on a shared-use, as-packets-are-needed basis rather than dedicated to only one user at a time. It is also easier to make applications available to mobile users because the faster data rate means that middleware currently needed to adapt applications to the slower speed of wireless systems are no longer be needed. As GPRS has become more widely available, along with other 2.5G and 3G services, mobile users of virtual private networks (VPNs) have been able to access the private network continuously over wireless rather than through a rooted dial-up connection.
GPRS also complements Bluetooth, a standard for replacing wired connections between devices with wireless radio connections. In addition to the Internet Protocol (IP), GPRS supports X.25, a packet-based protocol that is used mainly in Europe. GPRS is an evolutionary step toward Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) and Universal Mobile Telephone Service (UMTS).
what is wireless
- Wireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves (rather than some form of wire) carrythe signal over part or all of the communication path. Some monitoring devices, such as intrusionalarms, employ acoustic waves at frequencies above the range of human hearing; these are also sometimes classified as wireless.
The first wireless transmitters went on the air in the early 20th centuryusing radiotelegraphy (Morse code). Later, as modulation made it possible to transmit voicesand music via wireless, the medium came to be called "radio." With theadvent of television, fax, data communication, andthe effective use of a larger portion of the spectrum, the term "wireless" hasbeen resurrected.
Common examples of wireless equipment in use today include:
cellular phones and pagers -- provide connectivity for portable and mobile applications, both personal and business
Global Positioning System (GPS) -- allows drivers of cars and trucks, captains of boats and ships, and pilots of aircraft to ascertain their location anywhere on earth
Cordless computer peripherals -- the cordless mouse is a common example; keyboards and printers can also be linked to a computer via wireless
Cordless telephone sets -- these are limited-range devices, not to be confused with cell phones
Home-entertainment-system control boxes -- the VCR control and the TV channel control are the most common examples; some hi-fi sound systems and FM broadcast receivers also use this technology
Remote garage-door openers -- one of the oldest wireless devices in common use by consumers; usually operates at radio frequencies
Two-way radios -- this includes Amateur and Citizens Radio Service, as well as business, marine, and military communications
Baby monitors -- these devices are simplified radio transmitter/receiver units with limited range
satellite television -- allows viewers in almost any location to select from hundreds of channels
wireless LANs or local area networks -- provide flexibility and reliability for business computer users
Wireless technology is rapidly evolving, and is playing an increasingrole in the lives of people throughout the world. In addition, ever-larger numbersof people are relying on the technology directly or indirectly. (It has beensuggested that wireless is overused in some situations, creating a social nuisance.) More specialized and exotic examples of wireless communications and control include:
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) -- a digital mobile telephone system used in Europe and other parts of the world; the de facto wireless telephone standard in Europe
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) -- a packet-based wireless communication service that provides continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone and computer users
Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) -- a faster version of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) wireless service
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) -- a broadband, packet-based system offering a consistent set of services to mobile computer and phone users no matter where they are located in the world
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) -- a set of communication protocols to standardize the way that wireless devices, such as cellular telephones and radio transceivers, can be used for Internet access
i-Mode -- the world's first "smart phone" for Web browsing, first introduced in Japan; provides color and video over telephone sets
Wireless can be divided into:
fixed wireless -- the operation of wireless devices or systems in homes and offices, and in particular, equipment connected to the Internet via specialized modems
Mobile wireless -- the use of wireless devices or systems aboard motorized, moving vehicles; examples include the automotive cell phone and PCS (personal communications services)
Portable wireless -- the operation of autonomous, battery-powered wireless devices or systems outside the office, home, or vehicle; examples include handheld cell phones and PCS units
IR wireless -- the use of devices that convey data via IR (infrared) radiation; employed in certain limited-range communications and control systems
The first wireless transmitters went on the air in the early 20th centuryusing radiotelegraphy (Morse code). Later, as modulation made it possible to transmit voicesand music via wireless, the medium came to be called "radio." With theadvent of television, fax, data communication, andthe effective use of a larger portion of the spectrum, the term "wireless" hasbeen resurrected.
Common examples of wireless equipment in use today include:
cellular phones and pagers -- provide connectivity for portable and mobile applications, both personal and business
Global Positioning System (GPS) -- allows drivers of cars and trucks, captains of boats and ships, and pilots of aircraft to ascertain their location anywhere on earth
Cordless computer peripherals -- the cordless mouse is a common example; keyboards and printers can also be linked to a computer via wireless
Cordless telephone sets -- these are limited-range devices, not to be confused with cell phones
Home-entertainment-system control boxes -- the VCR control and the TV channel control are the most common examples; some hi-fi sound systems and FM broadcast receivers also use this technology
Remote garage-door openers -- one of the oldest wireless devices in common use by consumers; usually operates at radio frequencies
Two-way radios -- this includes Amateur and Citizens Radio Service, as well as business, marine, and military communications
Baby monitors -- these devices are simplified radio transmitter/receiver units with limited range
satellite television -- allows viewers in almost any location to select from hundreds of channels
wireless LANs or local area networks -- provide flexibility and reliability for business computer users
Wireless technology is rapidly evolving, and is playing an increasingrole in the lives of people throughout the world. In addition, ever-larger numbersof people are relying on the technology directly or indirectly. (It has beensuggested that wireless is overused in some situations, creating a social nuisance.) More specialized and exotic examples of wireless communications and control include:
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) -- a digital mobile telephone system used in Europe and other parts of the world; the de facto wireless telephone standard in Europe
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) -- a packet-based wireless communication service that provides continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone and computer users
Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) -- a faster version of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) wireless service
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) -- a broadband, packet-based system offering a consistent set of services to mobile computer and phone users no matter where they are located in the world
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) -- a set of communication protocols to standardize the way that wireless devices, such as cellular telephones and radio transceivers, can be used for Internet access
i-Mode -- the world's first "smart phone" for Web browsing, first introduced in Japan; provides color and video over telephone sets
Wireless can be divided into:
fixed wireless -- the operation of wireless devices or systems in homes and offices, and in particular, equipment connected to the Internet via specialized modems
Mobile wireless -- the use of wireless devices or systems aboard motorized, moving vehicles; examples include the automotive cell phone and PCS (personal communications services)
Portable wireless -- the operation of autonomous, battery-powered wireless devices or systems outside the office, home, or vehicle; examples include handheld cell phones and PCS units
IR wireless -- the use of devices that convey data via IR (infrared) radiation; employed in certain limited-range communications and control systems
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